What Is a Curriculum Vitae?
A curriculum vitae, commonly called a CV, is a detailed document that presents your complete academic and professional history. The term comes from Latin and means "course of life." Unlike a resume, which is typically one to two pages, a CV can run much longer because it is meant to be exhaustive rather than selective.
In the United States, CVs are primarily used in academia, scientific research, and medical fields. Outside the U.S., particularly in Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia, "CV" is often the standard term for what Americans call a resume.
CV vs. Resume: Key Differences
| Feature | Resume | CV |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 1-2 pages | No page limit |
| Content | Tailored highlights | Complete history |
| Focus | Work experience and skills | Publications, research, teaching |
| Usage | Corporate and private sector | Academic, research, international |
| Customization | Rewritten for each job | Expanded over time |
When to Use a CV
Use a CV when applying for positions in academia, research institutions, fellowships, or grants. You should also use one when an international employer specifically requests a CV. If a U.S. corporate job posting asks for a "CV," they almost always mean a resume. When in doubt, check the industry norm.
What to Include in a CV
A typical academic CV includes education, dissertation or thesis title, publications, conference presentations, teaching experience, grants and fellowships, professional memberships, and references. Each section is listed in reverse chronological order.
Common Mistakes
- Sending a multi-page CV to a corporate recruiter who expects a one-page resume.
- Padding your CV with irrelevant personal details like age, marital status, or hobbies (unless the country's norms require it).
- Failing to keep your CV updated as you publish new work or take on new roles.
